Reference

• http://oakridges-skating.com/History.htm
• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bliceskates.htm
• http://www.clearleadinc.com/site/ice-skating.html

• http://www.usfsa.org/About.asp?id=101
 • http://www.bsharp.org/physics/spin

FUN FACTS

fUn FaCTs

• ·         The oldest pair of skates was discovered in 3000 b.c at the bottom of a lake in Switzerland. The blades are made up of large animal bones and strapped with leather and animal skin!! yuck!!!

• ·         Around 14^th century, the dutch invented a wooden ice skates and in 15^th century they change it into a flat iron blades. Through this we can see how human develop their intelligence for life survival. Incredible!!

• ·         The first ice rink was built in 1876 and named Glaciarium in Chelsea, England.

• ·         During 1940s John E. Strauss, a blade maker from St. Paul, Minnesota, invented the first closed toe blade made from one piece of steel.

TERMS

 note: Ignore the brown haired guy

Terms used in ice skating

1.     .  Salchow

It starts when the skaters takes off using left leg. Usually done from a forward outside three turn. After the three turn, the skater stops momentarily with the free foot(right leg) extended behind, then swings the free leg forward and around with a wide scraping motion. Then, the skater jumps in the air and lands backwards.
     

                            

 2.    Toe loop

Toe loop is assist by the toe. While skating backward on an outside edge, the figure skater picks with the other toe, then jumps a half revolution in the air, and lands on the foot that did not pick.

1.    3.  Flip

A flip jump is a move where the skater glides backward , picks with the other foot, jumps a full revolution in the air, and lands on the back outside edge of the other foot. It needs to be done in straight line.

  4. Lutz

It can be considered as a counter-rotated jump. Lutz jump is almost the same as Flip jump. But, instead gliding backward, skaters needs to glide forward and lands backward.

  5.  Axel

Is when skaters take off with forward outside edge, makes a two and a half revolution in the air, and lands on the other foot with back outside edge.

                                           

3.  Stopping

Stopping evolves when pressure applied between scrape of metal and icy surface. It does sound easy, but stopping requires skills and practices. Skaters have to keep their body balance as well as other things when stopping.

• ·         Snowplow stop

This stop can be done with both feet or with one foot.  Preferably, new skaters like to practices this kind of stop. Skater will glide slowly across the ice with two feet resulting pressure and heat. To make it more secure, bend the knees and come to a complete stop.

  

 

• ·         T-Stop

In a T-Stop, skater’s feet make the shape of a "T" on the ice and come to a complete stop. Rather than a snowplow stopping ,a T-Stop is more complicated and skillful techniques applied in skating. Both skater’s feet seem to move along but apparently, only the foot that is behind does the actual stopping.

                                                                             
                                                                           

                                                

TECHNIQUES

note:mind the language. Just see how beautiful ice skating is.These are examplesof spins in ice skating which called a bielman spin.

Techniques in ice skating
physics is applied in ice skating in order for skaters to perform their routine,maintain their balance and also in keeping their feet firm on the icy floor. 

1.       Friction

Friction occurs whenever we glide through an object or surface. In ice skating, friction is needed to start a stroke. As you angle your foot outward and extend the knee, the inside edge of the blade encounters the ice and the friction between the ice and the blade enables you to encounter resistance as you scrape the blade across the ice.ice skating is also about applying kinetic energy. As you exert the friction between the blade and the ice surface, the equal and opposite force within the icy edge propels resulting you to push forward across the ice. When it comes to stopping, instead of kinetic energy, you’re using pressure hence creating heat and sound.

2.      Torque

Torque is a rotational force or in Latin means “to twist”.  The definition of torque is the product of the distance from the axis of rotation with the force that is perpendicular to the lever arm. Torque is applied with the simple right hand rule. For example when opening a doorknob, That’s why doorknobs are located at the opposite side of the door to the hinges; it’s much easier to move the door out. In ice skating, in order to rotate, a skater  must exert a torque by pushing his or her body against the ice. In edge spins, the skater pushes one foot against the ice to start the turn.  Torque is also applied in multiple rotation edge jumps.

                                                           

                                                       

                                                   Figure 1:rotational force in skating.

3. Spin

Rotational Inertia

For straight-line motion, inertia is mass. For rotational motion, it's a bit more involved. It's harder to make a given mass rotate around an axis that it's far from than one that it's close to. The rotational inertia, or moment of inertia, I, of a single mass m rotating a distance r around an axis (like a planet around the Sun or a rock on a string) is given by

I = mr²

Note that rotational inertia increases as the square of the distance from the axis: if you double the distance of a mass from the axis of rotation, you quadruple the rotational inertia. This is why such a minor change such as a skater's leg position has such a huge effect on her rotational speed.

Rotational Speed

The other parameter of rotational motion is rotational speed, or angular velocity, . This is the rate of rotation, expressed in radians/sec, revolutions/minute (RPM) and other units. A complete rotation is 2 radians, so one revolution per second is an angular velocity of 2 rad/s.

Angular Momentum

Armed with rotational inertia and angular velocity, we can write the expression for angular momentum, L:

L = I

So, if angular momentum is conserved, and one factor like I changes, the other factor ( in this case) must change to compensate.

DEVELOPMENT

Development of ice skating

Ice skating is a blend of athletic and artistic  skills. It can be categorized as recreational activity as well as a competitive sports. The first skating race was held in England in 1763. Figure skating moved to the next  by organizing first world championship in North America in year 1889. The Father of Modern Skating was Jackson Heines of New York City and later popularized by Norway’s Sonja Heines in late 1920s and 1930s. Icy sports dwell through a tremendous development. Ice skating is played ii all over Europe. United States of  America, Southwest Ontario, North Carolina, Ohio and even in Asian country. Wherever there’s ice,there’s figure skates.

Synchronized skating

The person who pioneered a synchronized figure skating  was Dr. Richard Peter in 1954. In 1976, the first team skating tournament was held in Ann Arbor, Mich. The second synchronized skating championship was held in Bowling Green, Ohio in 1984. Synchronized skating participating into ISU Congress in 1994. Since then, people began to accept synchronized skating as an official game sport and they are played in several countries e.g: Sweden, Finland, Canada, Italy, Miami and USA.

In order to synchronize their movement, each member must be competent at a variety of skating skills, including speed, footwork and ice presence.they perform simpler task such as twizzles, three turns, Mohawks and Choctaws.

·      Choctaws Turn

A Choctaw is a simple turn in synchronized skating from an edge to the other edge or forward to backward and vice versa.

                                                  

                                                                           
Mohawk Turn

·         Mohawk Turn  is quite similar to Choctaw Turn. The only difference is that skaters turn to the same edge where they began while Choctaw Turn ended up in different edge.

                                                   

                                                                    
                                                                        

HISTORY

History of ice skating

Figure skating isn’t just being beautiful and gracefully slides across an icy covered floor. It requires skills, and should I say discipline to stand firm on an icy floor.  It began In frozen canals and waterways of Scandinavia and the Netherlands, about 1000 years ago when people laced animal bones as their footwear and glided across frozen lakes and rivers.  Since 12^th century it was likely that a metal ice skates did not yet exist. The first pair of iron skate was create  by a Scottsman in 1952. During 1960s travelling on blades was popular transportation among the Dutch.  The Skating Club of Edinburgh was formed in 1642 and the world's first organized speed skating race was held in the year 1763 on the Fens in England. The sport was later introduced in North America, and a lighter soon after an  all-steel blade was produced in 1850. The Dutch organized the first world championship in 1889, where the skaters which covered until and 10000m. Jackson Haines of America was a pioneer in figure skating. He was talented in ice skating and dancing, and brought about many innovations. Norway's Sonja Henie popularized figure skating during the 1920s and 1930s.

note:Ice skating is more than a sport. 

OBJECTIVE

The objective for this blog:

• To fulfill E-Learning subject requirement.
• To expose the readers about the information related to ice skating.
•  To develop people and blogger understanding regarding the topic.
•  To built and enhance blogger creativity in contemplating messages and information to readers